<div dir="ltr">Dear Martin Pieper,<div><br></div><div>Thank you for your reply.</div><div><br></div><div>Actually, the energy difference can be observed by the photoluminescence experiment. I want to make a demonstration for the experiment from first-principles calculation. </div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">May I just ask why you go for the energy and not for the magnetization or the susceptibility?</span></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I don't know how to calculate the susceptibility of a material from first-principles calculation. According to the definition, it is a constant indicates the response of a material to an external magnetic field. I have got the magnetic moments for a give field, then how to get the susceptibility? Besides, I think the magnetic moments are almost the same as 4T when I changed the magnitude of the magnetic field.</div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"> <span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"> </span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">If there is some change of the crystal field ground state this should show.</span></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Do you mean that the magnetic filed may be change the crystal field? I am not quite sure how to connect these two things, the magnetic field and crystal field.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Bin </div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Aug 7, 2015 at 6:35 AM, pieper <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:pieper@ifp.tuwien.ac.at" target="_blank">pieper@ifp.tuwien.ac.at</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear Bin Shao,<br>
<br>
unfortunately I am travelling and won't be able to contribute during the next days. I am looking forward to comments from people with experience in calculations with rare earths.<br>
<br>
May I just ask why you go for the energy and not for the magnetization or the susceptibility? If there is some change of the crystal field ground state this should show. From your calculation you get the size of the magnetic moments for a given field, from that you get a susceptibility. From what you say something happens around 4 T. I cannot guess from the information I have what, but I would expect it to show in the susceptibility as well.<br>
<br>
Good luck with this interesting problem<span class=""><br>
<br>
Martin Pieper<br>
<br>
<br>
---<br>
Dr. Martin Pieper<br>
Karl-Franzens University<br>
Institute of Physics<br>
Universitätsplatz 5<br>
A-8010 Graz<br>
Austria<br>
Tel.: <a href="tel:%2B43-%280%29316-380-8564" value="+433163808564" target="_blank">+43-(0)316-380-8564</a><br>
<br>
<br></span><div><div class="h5">
Am 06.08.2015 15:47, schrieb Bin Shao:<br>
</div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div class="h5">
Dear Martin Pieper,<br>
<br>
Thank you for your comments!<br>
<br>
Actually, I intend to demonstrate that the energy difference between<br>
the ground state of Er^3+ (S=3/2; L=6; J=15/2) and the excited state<br>
(S=3/2; L=0; J=3/2) can be tuned by the external magnetic field, With<br>
the magnetic filed and the crystal field, the excited state splits<br>
into four states, |+3/2>, |+1/2>, |-1/2>, and |-3/2>. For the 45 Tesla<br>
magnetic field, the delta energy between the |+3/2> and |-3/2> is over<br>
10 meV. Since we can not directly get the excited state in wien2k,<br>
even by forcing the occupation number, the calculation will still be<br>
trick. <br>
<br>
However, because the spin quantum number of the two states is the same<br>
(S=3/2), there is no spin flip from the ground state to the excited<br>
state. In this case, we can estimate the energy difference between the<br>
ground state and the excited state by calculating the energy<br>
difference between the occupied states of f electron in minority spin<br>
of the ground state and the unoccupied counterparts in minority spin<br>
of the ground state. The energy difference should become smaller with<br>
increasing the magnetic field, which can be attributed to the lower in<br>
energy of the |-3/2> state relative to the |+/-3/2> state with no<br>
magnetic field.<br>
<br>
Since the energy shift is in the magnitude of meV, we can not seen<br>
this shift from the dos calculation due to the smear of the dos. Since<br>
the f band is usually very local and the band is very flat, so I<br>
checked the eigenvalues of the 7 f-electron at the Gamma point and try<br>
to show the energy shift from the variations of the eigenvalues.<br>
However, the results show that there is only an energy shift from the<br>
0 T to 4 T. When the magnetic filed is increasing, the eigenvalues are<br>
almost the same as that of 4 T.<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
This most probably is the old problem of the energy zero in<br>
disguise.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
This may be the problem. But I have calculated all the energy<br>
differences between the 3 unoccupied and 4 occupied states of f<br>
electron in minority spin, the 12 (3*4) values are keep the same trend<br>
while the magnetic filed is varied and they are all flat. For the<br>
different f states, they get different J and the energy shifts<br></div></div>
(g_J*mu_B*J*B) induced by the magnetic filed should be also different.<span class=""><br>
So I am confused. It should be noted that the energy difference is<br>
independent to the energy zero. <br>
<br>
Best,<br>
<br>
Bin<br>
<br>
On Thu, Aug 6, 2015 at 7:23 PM, pieper <<a href="mailto:pieper@ifp.tuwien.ac.at" target="_blank">pieper@ifp.tuwien.ac.at</a>><br>
wrote:<br>
<br>
</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class="">
As an afterthought:<br>
<br>
This most probably is the old problem of the energy zero in<br>
disguise. The Zeeman interaction you estimated and as accounted for<br></span>
in Wien2k is basically g*mu_B*S*B. It gives you the energy<span class=""><br>
difference between a moment pointing up and one pointing down.<br>
However, it has a vanishing trace, the zero is at B=0 and the center<br>
stays there.<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
<br>
Martin Pieper<br>
<br>
---<br>
Dr. Martin Pieper<br>
Karl-Franzens University<br>
Institute of Physics<br>
Universitätsplatz 5<br>
A-8010 Graz<br>
Austria<br></span>
Tel.: <a href="tel:%2B43-%280%29316-380-8564" value="+433163808564" target="_blank">+43-(0)316-380-8564</a> [3]<span class=""><br>
<br>
Am 06.08.2015 04:55, schrieb Bin Shao:<br>
<br>
</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class="">
Dear all,<br>
<br>
I made calculations of a compound with Er^3+(4f^11 5d^0 6s^0,<br>
ground<br>
state S=3/2, L=6, J=15/2) doping under an external magnetic<br>
field. I<br>
got the corresponding occupation of Er^3+ with 7 electrons in<br>
majority<br>
spin and 4 electrons in minority spin. With soc including, I got<br>
eigenvalues at Gamma point of the Er^3+ under the magnetic field<br>
from<br>
4 Tesla to 45 Tesla. However, the picture indicates that the<br>
eigenvalues with the different magnetic fields almost keep the<br>
same as<br>
that of 4 T. Why? According to a simple estimation, the magnetic<br>
field<br>
of 45 T will introduce an energy shift about 10 meV, that would<br>
definitely be seen from the figure.<br>
<br>
Any comments will be appreciated. Thank you in advance!<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
<br>
Bin<br>
<br>
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Postdoc<br>
Department of Physics, Tsinghua University<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'lucida Grande',Verdana;font-size:12px;line-height:18px"><span style="line-height:1.5">Bin Shao</span></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'lucida Grande',Verdana;font-size:12px;line-height:18px">Postdoc</div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'lucida Grande',Verdana;font-size:12px;line-height:18px"><span style="line-height:1.5">Department of Physics, </span><span style="line-height:1.5">Tsinghua University</span></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'lucida Grande',Verdana;font-size:12px;line-height:18px"><span style="line-height:23px">Beijing 100084, P. R. China</span></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'lucida Grande',Verdana;font-size:12px;line-height:18px"><span style="line-height:23px">Email: <span><a href="mailto:binshao1118@gmail.com" target="_blank">binshao1118@gmail.com</a></span></span></div></div></div>
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