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    <p>Dear Stefaan <br>
    </p>
    <p>As always it is very nice to read your posts :) <br>
    </p>
    I will only react on your "Thought 3". What will happen if you do
    the same calculation along 00-1? To my point of view, you will
    obtain the same result. Indeed, the magnetic anisotropy (MAE) of
    bulk-Fe must be symmetric. Here you break the symmetry, it could be
    seen considering 2 local pictures (for each slab surface):<br>
    - one experiencing a magnetization direction along 001<br>
    - one along 00-1. <br>
    These two directions must lead to the same SO effects and thus the
    same spin moments, orbital moments and EFG. <br>
    <br>
    Here is one plausible interpretation ;) I hope it will help you. <br>
    <br>
    I wish you all the best and HAPPY NEW YEAR to you and your familly.
    <br>
    Xavier <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 02/01/2018 à 14:33, Stefaan
      Cottenier a écrit :<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:469c6779a1014950a632bc24d56d6966@xmail403.UGent.be"
      type="cite">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear wien2k mailing
            list,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I know that the Berry
            phase approach is the recommended way nowadays for applying
            an external electric field in wien2k. However, for a quick
            test I resorted to the old zigzag potential that is
            described in the usersguide, sec. 7.1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It works, but I have
            some questions to convince me that I’m interpreting it the
            right way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The test situation I try
            to reproduce is from this paper (</span><span
            style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica
            Neue";color:#222222;background:white" lang="EN-US"><a
              moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.137201">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.137201</a></span><span
            lang="EN-US">), in particular this picture (<a
              moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/article/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.137201/figures/1/medium">https://journals.aps.org/prl/article/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.137201/figures/1/medium</a>).
            It’s a free-standing slab of bcc-Fe layers, with an electric
            field perpendicular to the slab. For convenience, I use only
            7 Fe-monolayers (case.struct is pasted underneath). Spin
            orbit coupling is used, and the Fe spin moments point in the
            positive z-direction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This is the input I used
            in case.in0 (the last line triggers the electric field) :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">TOT  XC_PBE    
            (XC_LDA,XC_PBESOL,XC_WC,XC_MBJ,XC_REVTPSS)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">NR2V      IFFT     
            (R2V)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">   30   30  360    2.00 
            1    min IFFT-parameters, enhancement factor, iprint<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">30 1.266176 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Question 1: The
            usersguide tells “The electric field (in Ry/bohr)
            corresponds to EFIELD/c, where c is your c lattice
            parameter.” In my example, EFIELD=1.266176 and c=65.082193
            b, hence the electric field should be
          </span><span style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE"
            lang="EN-US">0.019455 Ry/bohr. That’s 0.5 V/Angstrom.
            However, by comparing the dependence of the moment on the
            field with the paper cited above, it looks like that value
            for field is just half of what it should be (=the moment
            changed as if it were subject to a field of 1.0 V/Angstrom).
            When looking at the definition of the atomic unit of
            electric field (<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?auefld">https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?auefld</a>),
            I see it is defined with Hartree, not Rydberg. This factor 2
            would explain it. Does someone know whether 2*EFIELD/c is
            the proper way to get the value of the applied electric
            field in WIEN2k?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Question
            2: It is not clear from the userguide where the extrema in
            the zigzagpotential are. Are they at z=0 and z=0.5, as in
            fig. 6 of
            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.165205">http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.165205</a>
            ? I assumed so, that’s why the slab in my case struct is
            positioned around z=0.25. Adding this information to the
            usersguide or to the documentation in the code would be
            useful. (or alternatively, printing the zigzag potential as
            function of z by default would help too)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Thought
            3: This is not related to the electric field as such, but
            when playing with the slab underneath, I notice that in the
            absence of an electric field all properties of atoms 1 and 2
            – the ‘left’ and ‘right’ terminating slab surfaces – are
            identical. Same spin moment, same orbital moment, same EFG,…
            I didn’t expect this, as with magnetism and spin-orbit
            coupling along 001, the magnetic moments of the atoms are
            pointing in the positive z-direction. That means ‘from the
            vacuum to the bulk’ for atom 1, and ‘from the bulk to the
            vacuum’ for atom 2. That’s not the same situation, so why
            does it lead to exactly the same properties? What do I miss
            here? (The forces (:FGL) for atoms 1 and 2 are opposite, as
            expected.  And when the electric field is switched on, atoms
            1 and 2 do become different, as expected.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Thanks
            for your insight,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Stefaan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">blebleble 
                                          s-o calc. M||  0.00  0.00 
            1.00<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">P                           
          </span><span style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE"
            lang="FR-BE">7 99 P<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="FR-BE">            
            RELA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="FR-BE"> 
            5.423516  5.423516 65.082193 90.000000 90.000000 90.000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="FR-BE">ATOM 
            -1: X=0.00000000 Y=0.00000000 Z=0.12500000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="FR-BE">         
          </span><span style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE"
            lang="EN-US">MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe1       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">ATOM 
            -2: X=0.00000000 Y=0.00000000 Z=0.37500000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">         
            MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe2       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US"> 
                               0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">ATOM 
            -3: X=0.00000000 Y=0.00000000 Z=0.20833333<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">         
            MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe3       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">   
                             0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">ATOM 
            -4: X=0.00000000 Y=0.00000000 Z=0.29166667<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">         
            MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe4       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">ATOM 
            -5: X=0.50000000 Y=0.50000000 Z=0.16666667<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">         
            MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe5       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">ATOM 
            -6: X=0.50000000 Y=0.50000000 Z=0.33333333<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">         
            MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe6       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">ATOM 
            -7: X=0.50000000 Y=0.50000000 Z=0.25000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">         
            MULT= 1          ISPLIT=-2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">Fe7       
            NPT=  781  R0=.000050000 RMT=   2.22000   Z:  26.00000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">LOCAL
            ROT MATRIX:    1.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">                    
            0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:NL-BE" lang="EN-US">  
            8      NUMBER OF SYMMETRY OPERATIONS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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