<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif;font-size:small">Thanks for the answers</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif;font-size:small">The electronic structure of the Au is 
<span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-84" class="gmail-mjx-mrow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-86" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0.024em 0.287em 0px;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">[X</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-87" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.23em 0px 0.287em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">e</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-88" class="gmail-mjx-mo" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0px 0.571em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">]</span></span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-89" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">4</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-90" class="gmail-mjx-mrow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-91" class="gmail-mjx-msup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-base" style="padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-92" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0.06em 0.457em 0px;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">f</span></span></span><span class="gmail-mjx-sup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0.071em 0px 0.181em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12.4432px;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:0.584em;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-93" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">14</span></span></span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-94" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">5</span></span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-95" class="gmail-mjx-msup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="gmail-mjx-base" style="padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-96" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0.003em 0.287em 0px;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">d</span></span></span><span class="gmail-mjx-sup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0.071em 0px 0.076em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12.4432px;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:0.584em;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-97" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">10</span></span></span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-98" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">6</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-99" class="gmail-mjx-msup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="gmail-mjx-base" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-100" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.23em 0px 0.287em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">s</span></span></span><span class="gmail-mjx-sup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0.071em 0px 0px;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12.4432px;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:0.584em;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-101" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">1</span></span></span></span>

  and that of Au+ is 

<span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-120" class="gmail-mjx-mrow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-121" class="gmail-mjx-mo" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0px 0.571em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">[</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-122" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0.024em 0.287em 0px;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">X</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-123" class="gmail-mjx-mi" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-math-I" style="margin:0px;padding:0.23em 0px 0.287em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-math-I,MJXc-TeX-math-Ix,MJXc-TeX-math-Iw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">e</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-124" class="gmail-mjx-mo" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.457em 0px 0.571em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">]</span></span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-125" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">4</span></span><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-126" class="gmail-mjx-mrow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-127" class="gmail-mjx-msup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-base" 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.  Does the fullness of the d orbitals which make the magnetic moment of Au metal zero ? and what about the s electron in the 6 shell? <span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-99" class="gmail-mjx-msup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-weight:400;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:17.6px;line-height:inherit;font-family:"Nunito Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="gmail-mjx-sup" style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0.071em 0px 0px;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12.4432px;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:0.584em;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span id="gmail-MJXc-Node-101" class="gmail-mjx-mn" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px none;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box"><span class="gmail-mjx-char gmail-MJXc-TeX-main-R" style="margin:0px;padding:0.401em 0px 0.344em;border:0px none;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:MJXc-TeX-main-R,MJXc-TeX-main-Rw;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;text-align:left;box-sizing:content-box;white-space:pre">
</span></span></span></span>

</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br clear="all"></div><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div><span style="color:rgb(92,92,92);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,"Lucida Sans Unicode","Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI Symbol",STIXGeneral,"Cambria Math","Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);display:inline;float:none">Dr. Abderrahmane Reggad<br>Engineering Physics Laboratory</span></div><span style="color:rgb(92,92,92);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,"Lucida Sans Unicode","Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI Symbol",STIXGeneral,"Cambria Math","Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);display:inline;float:none"><span></span>Faculty of Material Sciences, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, 14000, Algeria</span></div>Tel: +213(0)561861963 - Algeria<br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>