<div dir="auto">Being more specific, the unmixed density matrix (dmat) produced by one scf iteration is necessarily positive definite. The mixer produces a new dmat that is a linear combination of prior dmats used, i.e.<div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> dmat_(n+1) = sum_i c_i * dmat_i</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If some of the coefficients c_i are negative the new density matrix may not be positive definite. A trivial example used two 1x1 matrices M=1 and M=2.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">As Peter said, at convergence (:MV) the dmat must be positive definite since the input is equal to the output.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">N.B., one could constrain the dmat to be positive definite. However, mathematically this may converge slower, not faster.<br><br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature" dir="auto">_____<br>Professor Laurence Marks<br>"Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought", Albert Szent-Gyorgi<br><a href="http://www.numis.northwestern.edu">www.numis.northwestern.edu</a></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 8, 2020, 06:40 Peter Blaha <<a href="mailto:pblaha@theochem.tuwien.ac.at">pblaha@theochem.tuwien.ac.at</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">The "new" (unmixed) dmat is always ok, only through mixing of the <br>
individual elements this may happen.<br>
<br>
When reaching scf, the "mixed" dmat = "unmixed" dmat and thus this <br>
should no longer occur.<br>
<br>
On 1/8/20 1:19 PM, pieper wrote:<br>
> Sorry for interrupting, but I am intrigued. I was not aware that the <br>
> density matrix can leave the physically meaningfull realm of <br>
> semi-positive operators.<br>
> <br>
> May I spoil this thread with the question why the mixer produces such <br>
> non-physical trial states? And if it does, what forces drive rho back to <br>
> proper density operators during convergence?<br>
> <br>
> ---<br>
> Dr. Martin Pieper<br>
> Karl-Franzens University<br>
> Institute of Physics<br>
> Universitätsplatz 5<br>
> A-8010 Graz<br>
> Austria<br>
> Tel.: +43-(0)316-380-8564<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> Am 2020-01-04 11:50, schrieb Peter Blaha:<br>
>> I repeated your calculations. Yes, intermediately I also got these<br>
>> density matrix warnings, but NOT with final convergence.<br>
>><br>
>> Most likely, this warning should be removed from mixer (Laurence !),<br>
>> as it does not give any meaningful hint or it should be printed only<br>
>> if one is nearly converged (:DIS is lower than ...)<br>
>><br>
>> I have a few other comments:<br>
>><br>
>> You seem to start a Ferro-magnetic calculation. As was mentioned<br>
>> before, maybe an AFM structure is more stable. So check other possible<br>
>> magnetic configurations.<br>
>><br>
>> You seem to start with init_lapw, and thus with the default<br>
>> (ferromagnetic) case.inst<br>
>><br>
>> For magnetic oxides it is highly recommended to start with:<br>
>><br>
>> instgen -ask<br>
>> This lets you define a possible AFM arrangement and in particular you<br>
>> should set the O-atoms as non-magnetic. This save a lot of scf cycles.<br>
>><br>
>> -rkmax 7.5 is quite some "overkill". This rkmax value is for the small<br>
>> O-atoms and RKmax=6 (beginning) and 7 (final convergence) is<br>
>> sufficient.<br>
>><br>
>> On the other hand, a HDLO for Nd-4f states is highly recommended.<br>
>><br>
>> I never start the scf-cycle with "-orb" right after intitialization,<br>
>> but always do (at least a crude) GGA calculation before switching on<br>
>> -orb. Otherwise you may even more likely end up in some local minimum<br>
>> but not the ground state.<br>
>><br>
>> I got a half-metallic solution with a spin-up 4f peak down at -3.5 eV<br>
>> and another one at EF. You expected that the 4f states are all removed<br>
>> from EF, but your compound seems to be "special" (is this compound<br>
>> experimentally known ??).<br>
>><br>
>> The stoichiometry of Nd4 Ni3 O8 suggests Ni2+ ions, leaving a (Nd4)10+<br>
>> charge state, i.e. a Nd2.5+ state, which is very unusual. But I got<br>
>> 34f electrons, which hints to a Nd3+ and in fact one of your Oxygens<br>
>> has p-states above EF.<br>
>><br>
>> With this half-filled 4f-DOS peak at EF also spin-orbit could be very <br>
>> important.<br>
>><br>
>> And as always in such LDA+U calculations, play with the initial<br>
>> case.dmat file. In my case I have 2 4f orbitals "fully" occupied (and<br>
>> thus shifted down), but 2 others are partly occupied (close to 1/2)<br>
>> and thus not much shifted and pinned to EF.<br>
>><br>
>> As mentioned before, additional symmetry splitting with AFM for the 2<br>
>> equivalent Nd atoms may lead to further splitting.<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> Am 03.01.2020 um 10:30 schrieb Fan:<br>
>>> Thank you for your reply, Prof. Blaha. In fact, when I change <br>
>>> parameters in inorb, I always do 'rm case.dmat*' and 'rm case.vorb*' <br>
>>> , so I think it should not be the problem. But I do value your <br>
>>> suggestions, so I started a new session, only used the struct file of <br>
>>> Nd4Ni3O8 which is attached here, and then<br>
>>> init_lapw -b -rkmax 7.5 -numk 2000 -sp -vxc 5 -lvns 6<br>
>>> create inorb and indm by copying them from templates and modify them <br>
>>> accordingly<br>
>>> runsp_lapw -p -orb -i 200 -ec 0.0001 -cc 0.001 -NI<br>
>>> during the scf cycle, QTL-B warning appeared, but the value was very <br>
>>> small (2~3, still could be a trouble?), the density matrix warnings <br>
>>> appeared at about the 20th cycle and persisted.<br>
>>><br>
>>> With regards.<br>
>>><br>
>>> Fan<br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
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-- <br>
<br>
P.Blaha<br>
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