<div dir="auto"><div>The reference state is always the lowest energy state at STP. Hence for Ar it is isolated atoms in the gas, O2 the molecule and Na the solid. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Case.outputst has isolated atom energies, but they cannot be used for calculations of formation enthalpy etc. You have to calculate the appropriate reference state energy using parameters that match you calculations for the compounds of interest.</div><div dir="auto"><br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature" dir="auto">_____<br>Professor Laurence Marks<br>"Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought", Albert Szent-Györgyi<br><a href="http://www.numis.northwestern.edu">www.numis.northwestern.edu</a></div><br><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Apr 27, 2021, 18:36 عبدالرزاق خيرالدين <<a href="mailto:aalarrkh@gmail.com">aalarrkh@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Hi, the "case.outputst" file containing "TOTAL ENERGY (RYD)" for all atoms of studied compoud. So, Is it the energy of "atom" in the solid or the gaseous state? which is used to calculate the formation enthalpy or cohesive energy, respectively.</div>
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